FOLIO I · THINKER · GEN. 04 · N° 047

Murray N. Rothbard

Works
51
Articles
173
Generation
4.
Portrait of Murray N. RothbardPortrait of Murray N. Rothbard: Junger Murray Rothbard (1955)Portrait of Murray N. Rothbard: Rothbard an der Tafel (1985)
FOL. 04 · N° 047 · Murray N. Rothbard
BIOGRAPHY

Life and Work

Perhaps the most important student of Mises in the New World was Murray N. Rothbard. Rothbard took a B.A. in mathematics and a Ph.D. in economics at Columbia University. During this time, in the 1950s, he attended Mises's seminar at New York University. He was later a professor at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute (1966–1986) and at the University of Nevada in Las Vegas (1986–1995). Already in his expansive two-volume early work Man, Economy and State (1962), Rothbard was able to deepen his teacher's approaches further, particularly in the areas of monetary theory, the theory of monopoly, and the theory of capital and interest. In America's Great Depression (1963), drawing on a firm grasp of economic theory and history, he set out the channels through which the inflation responsible for the artificial boom of the "Golden Twenties" had proceeded, an inflation that then led inevitably to the stock market crash of 1929. With this interpretation he contradicted the still-prevailing, Keynesian-tinged reading of "Black Thursday". With his two-volume work in the history of economic doctrine, An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought (1995), Rothbard presented a wide-ranging history of economic theory from the perspective of the Austrians. Besides his teaching in New York and Las Vegas, he wrote well over a thousand articles and 25 books, including works on political philosophy and natural-law ethics. As a political agitator, he sharply criticized the aggressive foreign policy of the United States, the expansion of the state, and the curtailment of fundamental liberties, and he developed into a radical representative of the libertarian movement, while always retaining his fundamentally pacifist outlook.
Metadata
2. März 1926
7. Januar 1995
Generation 4
The Podcast

The episode on Murray N. Rothbard

Murray N. Rothbard in audio: the life, the one idea, the most famous argument, and which work to read first. About 15 minutes.

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Life stations

Stations

  1. 1926
    1926
    Birth

    Born in New York City on 2 March 1926.[1]

  2. ⁦1945–1956⁩
    ⁦1945–1956⁩
    Studies at Columbia University

    Earned a B.A. in mathematics and a Ph.D. in economics at Columbia University.

  3. ⁦1949–1959⁩
    ⁦1949–1959⁩
    Mises's Private Seminar at NYU

    After reading Mises's <em>Human Action</em>, he began attending the private seminar at NYU regularly in 1949; he remained active into the 1970s. bio_de names the 1950s as the central period.[1]

  4. ⁦1950–1962⁩
    ⁦1950–1962⁩
    Senior Analyst at the William Volker Fund

    From the 1950s until 1962 as a “senior analyst” with a research grant from the William Volker Fund – the financial basis for Rothbard's early major works.[1]

  5. 1953
    1953
    Marriage to JoAnn Schumacher

    Married JoAnn Beatrice Schumacher in New York City in 1953; she remained his life partner until Rothbard's death in 1995.[8]

  6. 1956
    1956
    Ph.D., Columbia (<em>The Panic of 1819</em>)

    Received his doctorate in 1956 with the dissertation “The Panic of 1819” at Columbia University. The work had been delayed for years – Arthur Burns rejected it; only after Burns had left the Columbia faculty to chair Eisenhower's Council of Economic Advisers was it accepted under Joseph Dorfman.[1]

  7. 1962
    1962
    <em>Man, Economy, and State</em>

    Publication of the two-volume early work <em>Man, Economy, and State</em>, in which Rothbard further developed Mises's approaches in monetary theory, the theory of monopoly, and the theory of capital and interest.[1]

  8. 1963
    1963
    <em>America's Great Depression</em>

    Publication of <em>America's Great Depression</em>. Rothbard set out how the inflation of the 'Roaring Twenties' led to the stock market crash of 1929, and contested the Keynesian interpretation.[1]

  9. 1964
    1964
    <em>What Has Government Done to Our Money?</em>

    A pamphlet-like work on monetary history and state intervention in the monetary system; one of the most influential pleas for the gold standard in the second half of the 20th century.[1]

  10. ⁦1966–1986⁩
    ⁦1966–1986⁩
    Professorship at Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute

    Professor at Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute from 1966 to 1986.[1]

  11. 1973
    1973
    <em>For a New Liberty</em>

    A major libertarian manifesto; it outlines a systematic anarcho-capitalist social order.[1]

  12. 1976
    1976
    Co-founding of the Center for Libertarian Studies— approximate

    Co-founder of the Center for Libertarian Studies, a libertarian research and lecture organisation.[6]

  13. 1977
    1977
    Co-founding of the Cato Institute

    Co-founder of the Cato Institute together with Charles Koch and Edward Crane; later a break with the Cato Institute. In the same year, founding of the “Journal of Libertarian Studies”.[1]

  14. 1982
    1982
    Co-founding of the Ludwig von Mises Institute

    Co-founder of the Ludwig von Mises Institute in Auburn, Alabama; as Academic Vice-President, the central academic figure of the institute until his death.[1]

  15. 1982
    1982
    <em>The Ethics of Liberty</em>

    A systematic foundation for natural-law libertarianism.[1]

  16. ⁦1986–1995⁩
    ⁦1986–1995⁩
    Professorship at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas

    Professor at the University of Nevada in Las Vegas from 1986 to 1995.[1]

  17. 1995
    1995
    “An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought”

    Publication of the two-volume work on the history of economic doctrine, presenting a comprehensive history of economic theory from the perspective of the Austrians.[1]

  18. 1995
    1995
    Death

    Died on 7 January 1995 in New York City.[1]

Relationships

Influences

Influenced by · 4
  1. ⁦1949–1959⁩
    ⁦1949–1959⁩

    Regarded as perhaps the most important Mises student in the New World; Rothbard deepened his teacher's approaches especially in the theory of money, monopoly, capital and interest.[1]

  2. ⁦1956–1956⁩
    ⁦1956–1956⁩
    Joseph Dorfman⁦(1904–1991)⁩ · US-Wirtschaftsgeschichte

    Doctoral advisor at Columbia University: after Burns's move to Eisenhower's Council of Economic Advisers, the dissertation “The Panic of 1819” was accepted in 1956 under Joseph Dorfman.[1]

  3. —
    —
    Arthur Burns⁦(1904–1987)⁩ · NBER / US-Notenbank

    Originally the doctoral advisor at Columbia, he rejected the dissertation “The Panic of 1819” for years; a family acquaintance of the Rothbards. Only after Burns moved to Eisenhower's Council of Economic Advisers (1953) could the doctorate be completed.

  4. —
    —
    Milton Friedman⁦(1912–2006)⁩ · Chicago School

    Intellectual antipode to Milton Friedman: Rothbard as a radical-libertarian Austrian counter-model to the monetarist Chicago School, with numerous public debates on monetary, central-bank and business-cycle policy.[1]

Influenced · 3
  1. ⁦1986–1995⁩
    ⁦1986–1995⁩

    Hoppe went to the USA for the purpose of study and became a long-standing student of Murray N. Rothbard; he eventually took over his chair at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.[2]

  2. —
    —
    Samuel Edward Konkin III⁦(1947–2004)⁩ · US-Agorismus

    Samuel Edward Konkin III wird in der Wikipedia-EN-Infobox als „notable student" Rothbards aufgeführt; sein Agorismus baut explizit auf Rothbards anarchokapitalistischem Ansatz auf.[3]

  3. —
    —
    Walter Block⁦(1941–living)⁩ · Wiener Schule (zeitgenoessisch)

    Walter Block wird in der Wikipedia-EN-Infobox als „notable student" Rothbards geführt; sein Werk steht ausdruecklich in der Rothbard-Tradition.[5]

Private seminar, colleagues, Mont Pèlerin · 7
  1. ⁦1949–1959⁩
    ⁦1949–1959⁩

    Participant in the Mises-Privatseminar at NYU from 1949 to the end of the 1950s, with activity into the 1970s.[1]

  2. ⁦1950–1962⁩
    ⁦1950–1962⁩
    William Volker Fund · US-Libertarismus (Förderfonds)

    William Volker Fund förderte Rothbard über zehn Jahre als Senior Analyst und Stipendiat – die finanzielle Basis seiner frühen Hauptwerke.[1]

  3. ⁦1977–1981⁩
    ⁦1977–1981⁩
    Charles Koch⁦(1935–living)⁩ · US-Libertarismus

    Co-founder, with Charles Koch and Edward Crane, of the Cato Institute in 1977; break in 1981.[6]

  4. ⁦1977–1981⁩
    ⁦1977–1981⁩
    Edward H. Crane⁦(1944–2026)⁩ · US-Libertarismus (Cato)

    Co-founder of the Cato Institute in 1977 together with Edward Crane and Charles Koch; break in 1981 (Rothbard was removed from the board).[7]

  5. 1980
    1980

    Garrison war über Jahrzehnte Adjunct Scholar am Mises Institute und teilte mit Rothbard die Verteidigung der Mises-Hayek-Konjunkturtheorie.

  6. ⁦1982–1995⁩
    ⁦1982–1995⁩
    Llewellyn H. Rockwell jr.⁦(1944–living)⁩ · Wiener Schule / Mises Institute

    Mit Lew Rockwell Mitbegründer des Ludwig von Mises Institute (Auburn, Alabama) 1982; Rockwell wird in mises.org/profile als „Institutsgründer" und akademischer Weggefaehrte Rothbards bis zu dessen Tod geführt.[1]

  7. ⁦1986–1995⁩
    ⁦1986–1995⁩

    From 1986 Hoppe and Rothbard worked together at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas; after Rothbard's death in 1995 Hoppe took over his chair.

Murray N. Rothbard in the context of the School as a whole: five generations, their teacher-student lineages, circles and collegial ties.

SOURCES ON STATIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS29 citations · 4 sources
  • [6]Hawley 2016: Right-Wing Critics of American Conservatism, S. 129, 164 · 2×
  • [7]Hawley 2016: Right-Wing Critics of American Conservatism, S. 129, 164, 166
Topography

Places of Activity

CATALOGUE OF WORKS · CHRONOLOGICAL

The Books

1960s
1962
Man, Economy, and State is Murray N. Rothbard's systematic treatise on economic theory. Building from the action axiom and two subsidiary postulates, Rothbard deduces the whole corpus of economics step by step, moving from Crusoe economics and barter to indirect exchange, the pricing of consumers' goods, an integrated theory of production, capital and interest, factor pricing, and entrepreneurship. He advances a pure time-preference theory of interest synthesized with Frank Fetter's rent theory, rejects the prevailing short-run theory of the firm, and argues that monopoly price can arise only from a state grant of privilege. The final chapters apply praxeological analysis to coercive intervention: price control, taxation, inflation, business cycles, and government expenditure. The book includes Rothbard's preface, an extensive footnote apparatus, and a full bibliography.
OriginalEnglish
Further editions
The Case for a 100 Percent Gold Dollar
OriginalEnglish
The Panic of 1819: Reactions and Policies
OriginalEnglish
1963
In this short monograph, first published in 1963, Murray N. Rothbard explains the origin and function of money and the consequences of government control over it. The first part derives money from the free market: as the most marketable commodity selected through indirect exchange, traded by weight, with private coinage and full-reserve warehousing. Rothbard argues that any supply of money suffices and that inflation, defined as money substitutes not backed by the metal stock, only redistributes wealth. The second part traces how government seizes the mint, debases coin, exploits Gresham's Law, charters central banks, and finally abandons the gold standard. A third part, added in 1974, narrates the monetary breakdown of the West in nine phases from the classical gold standard to the fluctuating fiat currencies after 1973.
OriginalEnglish
Further editions
1965
Left and Right: A Journal of Libertarian Thought, 1965–1968 [Hg.]
OriginalEnglish
1969
Economic Depression: Causes and Cures
OriginalEnglish
The Libertarian Forum, 1969–1984 [Hg.]
OriginalEnglish
1970s
1970
With the tools of praxeological economics, "Power and Market" analyses the effects of state intervention in the market and society. Murray N. Rothbard assigns every form of intervention to one of three types: autistic, binary, and triangular. For each he shows that it reduces the utility of those involved and misdirects resources. In the first chapter he argues that even defence and legal services could be provided through the market, so that the state would be superfluous. The middle chapters deal with price controls, monopoly privileges (licences, tariffs, patents, conservation laws), the incidence and effect of taxes, as well as government expenditure. The penultimate chapter criticizes anti-market ethics (equality, security, love of one's neighbour by coercion) as partly contradictory. The work, originally written as the concluding part of "Man, Economy, and State", first appeared in 1970.
OriginalEnglish
1972
A New History of Leviathan [ed. with Ronald Radosh]
OriginalEnglish
Murray N. Rothbard's essay argues that education is an individual, lifelong process of self-development, and that compulsory state schooling runs counter to this nature. Since people differ greatly in aptitude, pace and interests, individual instruction by the parents is the ideal, whereas state-mandated uniform instruction presses all children into a single mould. The first part develops this individualist theory of education and the fundamental question of whether the parents or the state have authority over the child. The second and third parts provide a historical account of compulsory schooling: from the Reformation (Luther, Calvin) through Prussia, France and England to fascism, National Socialism and communism, as well as its development in the United States from New England to "progressive education". Rothbard draws on Spencer, Isabel Paterson and Ludwig von Mises, and interprets state schooling as an instrument of standardization and of training in obedience.
OriginalEnglish
ARTICLES · 173 CATALOGUED

Essays, Reviews, Lectures

1940s
1949
Our Future [Rezension zu George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four]
OriginalEnglish
1950s
1951
Mises’s Human Action: Comment
OriginalEnglish
Praxeology: Reply to Mr. Schuller
OriginalEnglish
1956
Toward a Reconstruction of Utility and Welfare Economics
OriginalEnglish
1957
Catholicism, Protestantism, and Capitalism
OriginalEnglish
Huntington on Conservatism: A Comment
OriginalEnglish
In Defense of “Extreme Apriorism”
OriginalEnglish
Letter to Ayn Rand (3. Oktober 1957)
OriginalEnglish
The Single Tax: Economic and Moral Implications
OriginalEnglish
1958
A Note on Burke’s Vindication of Natural Society
OriginalEnglish
APA
Chicago
German historical style